Immigrants in
New York
New York is often considered one of the greatest cultural hubs in the country, having welcomed immigrants long before the days of Ellis Island. Immigrants now account for 23.1 percent of the state's population and make up 27.8 percent of its labor force, supporting the state's economy in many ways. They account for 34.3 percent of entrepreneurs, 26.6 percent of STEM workers, and 59.5 percent of health aides in the state. As neighbors, business owners, taxpayers, and workers, immigrants are an integral part of New York's diverse and thriving communities and make extensive contributions that benefit all.
Overview
4,530,000
Immigrant residents$160.5B
Immigrants spending power$74.8B
Immigrants taxes paid2023
Data yearDemographics
In the United States, immigrants are more likely to be working-age than their U.S.-born counterparts. This means they are more likely to be active in the labor force, allowing them to contribute to the economy not only as consumers but also as taxpayers, helping fund social services and programs like Medicare and Social Security.
| Age Group | Foreign-Born Population | U.S.-Born Population |
|---|---|---|
| 0-15 | 4.2% | 21.9% |
| 16-64 | 73.4% | 60.6% |
| 65+ | 22.4% | 17.5% |
52.8%
Share of immigrants who are women47.2%
Share of immigrants who are men227,500
Number of immigrant children1,824,000
Number of U.S.-born residents living with at least one immigrant parent74.1%
Share of Foreign-Born that are proficient in EnglishTop countries of origin for immigrants
Entrepreneurship
It is hard to overstate the importance of entrepreneurship since new businesses are the main driver of job growth in the United States. Immigrants play a particularly important role in this—founding businesses at far higher rates than the U.S. population overall. Today, millions of American workers are employed at immigrant-founded and immigrant-owned companies.
316,500
Immigrant entrepreneurs$8.6B
Total business income of immigrant entrepreneurs32
Number of Fortune 500 companies founded by immigrants or children of immigrantsTAXES & SPENDING POWER
Immigrant households contribute hundreds of billions of dollars in federal, state, and local taxes and hold a tremendous amount of spending power. This gives them significant economic clout, helping support local communities as consumers and taxpayers. Like all residents of the United States, regardless of where they were born, immigrants make use of public services like education, healthcare, and public safety. Even with these costs, however, immigrants’ economic contributions far outweigh the cost of additional public services they incur.
$235.3B
Immigrant household income$160.5B
Total spending power| State & Local Taxes Paid | $31.3B |
| Federal Taxes Paid | $43.5B |
| Total Taxes Paid | $74.8B |
$20.1B
Immigrants’ contributions to Social Security$5.7B
Immigrants’ contributions to MedicareWorkforce
The growth in the immigrant population has helped to strengthen America’s labor force. As baby boomers retire, younger immigrants are filling crucial gaps in the labor market. Nationally, immigrants are more likely to hold an advanced degree than the U.S.-born. They are also more likely to have less than a high school education. As such, they are able to fill critical shortages at both ends of the skill spectrum, from high-tech positions to agriculture, hospitality, and service jobs.
2,816,900
Number of immigrant workers in the labor forceEducational Attainment by Nativity, Age 25+
| Education Level | Foreign-Born Population | U.S.-Born Population |
|---|---|---|
| Less Than High School | 22.9% | 7.1% |
| High School & Some College | 42.6% | 49.6% |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 19.0% | 24.1% |
| Graduate Degree | 15.5% | 19.2% |
Share of College-Educated Workers Employed in Jobs That Don’t Require a College Degree
| Foreign-Born Population | U.S.-Born Population |
|---|---|
| 32.7% | 27.4% |
TOP INDUSTRIES WITH HIGHEST SHARE OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS
Immigrant share of population: 23.1%
TOP OCCUPATIONS WITH HIGHEST SHARE OF IMMIGRANT WORKERS
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math
Jobs in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are some of the most in-demand jobs in the U.S. economy. These jobs are also expected to experience some of the highest growth rates in the next decade, second only to healthcare jobs. While immigrants already play a huge part in maintaining the United States’ role as a leading innovator, immigrants will also be instrumental in helping high-tech industries meet their full potential as their needs for high-skilled STEM workers rapidly increases in the future.
Healthcare
As millions of baby boomers become elderly, the U.S. healthcare system is facing unprecedented demand, adding jobs faster than any other segment of the economy. Many healthcare businesses and providers are struggling to find enough workers, and in some rural areas shortages are particularly acute. Immigrants have already been filling some of our most glaring healthcare needs. They are twice as likely as the U.S.-born to work as home health aides, and twice as likely to work as physicians and surgeons.
Housing
Immigrant families have long played an important role in helping to build housing wealth in the United States. In recent decades, the more than 40 million immigrants in the U.S. collectively increased U.S. housing wealth by trillions of dollars. Much of this was possible because immigrants moved into neighborhoods once in decline, thus helping to revitalize communities and make neighborhoods more attractive to U.S.-born residents.
852,500
Immigrant homeowners23.2%
Share of recent homebuyers who were foreign-born$640.5B
Housing wealth held by immigrant households$23.9B
Amount paid by immigrant-led households in rentInternational Students
International students in the United States contribute tens of billions of dollars to the U.S. economy every year and support a significant number of U.S. jobs through their tuition payments and day-to-day spending. Research has also found that increases in the number of international students at American universities boost innovation and patent creation.
135,813
Students at New York colleges and universities who are international students$6.3B
Economic contribution of international students51,719
Jobs supported by international studentsNaturalization & Voting Power
As more immigrants naturalize and become eligible to vote, they continue to gain political power. The number of immigrant voters is only projected to rise in the next decade, and in some states foreign-born voters are already capable of deciding elections.
2,570,000
Number of immigrants who are eligible to vote2,671,400
Number of immigrants who are naturalized U.S. citizens723,900
Number of immigrants who are eligible for naturalizationUndocumented Immigrants
The presence of a significant number of undocumented immigrants in the United States, most of whom have lived in the country for more than five years, poses many legal and political challenges. But while politicians continue to debate what to do about illegal immigration, millions of undocumented immigrants are working across the country, contributing billions of dollars to the U.S. economy.
616,300
Number of undocumented immigrants51,300
Undocumented entrepreneurs$25.1B
Undocumented household income$18.4B
Total spending power| State & Local Taxes Paid | $2.7B |
| Federal Taxes Paid | $4.0B |
| Total Taxes Paid | $6.7B |
Top Industries with Highest Share of Undocumented Workers
Immigrant share of population: 23.1%
468,100
Number of U.S. citizens living with at least one undocumented family member234,100
Number of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented family member169,400
Number of U.S. citizen children living with at least one undocumented parentTHE DACA-ELIGIBLE POPULATION
DACA-eligible people contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy. Removing the protections afforded to DACA recipients would likely upset local economies, communities, and schools, hurting employers and businesses that depend on these young immigrants as workers and customers.
47,600
Number of DACA-eligible residents$2.6B
DACA-eligible household income$1.8B
Total spending power| State & Local Taxes Paid | $338.0M |
| Federal Taxes Paid | $462.6M |
| Total Taxes Paid | $800.7M |
21,270
Number of active DACA recipients40,946
Number of people with DACA granted13,500
Number of additional residents who would satisfy all but the educational requirements for DACARefugees
Refugees living in the United States make tremendous contributions to our economy as earners, taxpayers, and consumers. Rather than a drain on communities, refugees, with their high employment rate and entrepreneurial spirit, actually sustain and strengthen their new hometowns.
110,300
Number of likely refugees7,400
Number of refugee entrepreneurs6,234
Number of refugees resettled in the last fiscal year86.1%
Share of refugees who are naturalized U.S. citizens$268.3M
Total business income of refugee entrepreneurs96.4%
Employment rate of likely refugees$6.4B
Refugee household income$4.4B
Total spending power| State & Local Taxes Paid | $840.8M |
| Federal Taxes Paid | $1.2B |
| Total Taxes Paid | $2.0B |
Top Countries of Origin for Refugees Resettled in the last Fiscal Year
Temporary Protected Status Holders
Recipients of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) have made enormous contributions to various industries and paid a significant amount in federal, state, and local taxes in the United States. Forcing them to leave the country not only risks putting these individuals in danger, but also threatens to significantly disrupt local economies.
56,800
Number of TPS holders96.1%
Employment rate of TPS holders$2.3B
TPS household income$1.6B
Total spending power| State & Local Taxes Paid | $305.5M |
| Federal Taxes Paid | $348.9M |
| Total Taxes Paid | $654.5M |